Teaching Software Analytics
At the TU Delft CS master’s program, students have to take at least one seminar course. As opposed to normal courses, where a more traditional teaching method is the norm, in seminar courses the students have to read papers – lots of them. This makes the format ideal for courses that teach student topics at a field’s cutting edge. In the previous quarter (Sep - Oct), I taught such a course: Software Analytics.
It was the first time I taught both a seminar course and Software Analytics, which also happens to be my field of expertise. I was therefore relatively confident about the contents, but not so much about the format. After lots of reading online, I ‘ve come to the conclusion that seminars are all about the students reading and discussing interesting papers, with minimal teacher involvement. So I decided to have students in the lead. With the course’s teaching team (Moritz, Maria, Ayushi and Joseph), we identified 8 high-level topics that we believed provide a broad coverage of the area, and came up with 10 papers per topic that acted as the seed to the student’s investigations. For each topic, a student group (or groups, we do not know in advance how many students participate in our courses) would have to i) prepare a group discussion of an interesting paper, ii) write a systematic literature review of cutting edge work in the field, and iii) work on a limited replication of a paper.
The format
The discussions were scripted. I compiled a list of guidelines on how to run a paper discussion, partially to help the students and partially to make sure we have a common format during our discussions. The responsible group would announce a paper that everybody should read one week in advance. Each discussion started with a short presentation (4-5 slides) of the main paper points (authors, motivation, research method, results, implications). The moderator would kick-off the discussion asking generic questions (e.g. “what did you like about the paper”), but then he/she would have to dive into the paper contents. At the appropriate times, members of the teaching team were instructed to jump in to ask a provoking question or to move the discussion towards more fruitful paths. Importantly, one person of the moderating team would have to keep notes of the discussion. This helped us compile extensive documentation on what went on during the course, which you can find linked from the course’s web page.
The paper discussions were meant to introduce all students to a particular topic; then, each group would have to go deep in each corresponding topic by reading the latest related work (no older than 5 years) and write a 4-5k word survey. The systematic literature reviews were, again, scripted. The students were instructed to follow Kitchenham’s method for performing reviews in software engineering to answer 3 research questions, relating to the state-of-the-art in research and practice and future directions about each particular field. The initial paper selection was followed by an intermediate presentation per team/topic, to ensure that everybody is on the same page. Crucially, students had to peer-review each other’s chapters; per week, a pull request per group would have to be reviewed by two more groups. This ensured that all students would have at least read all other chapters at least once, thereby obtaining a bird’s eye view of the area. All surveys were collected and published as a book here; we intend to keep this book updated through future runs of the course.
Reading, discussing and writing about existing work should theoretically suffice for a seminar course; but knowing our students, I knew that they would be missing something if we stopped there: hacking! So during the last part of the course, the students would have to partially replicate existing work. I think this is were the students excelled: in just 2-3 weeks, students that have not done any repository mining before managed to produce high-quality reports, sometimes by replicating the whole data collection pipeline. I was impressed with the results!
The experience
Running a seminar course was a learning experience as much for me as it (hopefully!) was for the students. I learned about the value of such courses: within 8 weeks, through and with my students, I got in touch with the latest and greatest of our field. I also hope that the students developed an intuition on what makes a research work timeless: strong motivation, razor-sharp answers to the RQs and crystal-clear discussion of implications. I did notice that the discussions during the end of the course where more focused on those high-level concepts rather than details about why the authors choose statistical test X or modelling method Y. The course workload was a bit on the heavy side; this did not allow the students to perfect their surveys. Finally, on revisiting the replication results, I was glad the course was a seminar at heart: the students already knew how to setup data pipelines, so there was not much to learn there.
Changes I would do next year:
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No laptops! I will ask the students to print the papers and hand annotate them. This will hopefully help to keep the discussion participants focused.
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I will be more silent. I felt that my urge to talk about all the wonderful things we are doing in software analytics was sometimes overwhelming to the student moderators.
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Most probably, I will drop the replication part. Our students are already pretty good at designing data pipelines, so I will devote the extra time to perfect the literature surveys.
As usual, you can find the course materials under a CC license on my homepage.